Abstract:

This paper presents an M/G/1 queue model with exhaustive service and a multiple vacation policy to balance energy conservation and delay minimization in Internet of Things (IoT) networks. The proposed model employs a general service time distribution and allows the server to take several adaptive vacations, each with an exponentially distributed duration when the system is idle. The exhaustive service ensures that all packets in the queue are processed before the server goes on vacation, reducing energy consumption by placing the server in a low-power state during idle periods. This method dynamically adjusts the server's operational state, leading to significant savings in energy consumption and overall system delay compared to conventional M/G/1 models without vacations or with predefined vacation periods. Simulation results demonstrate that the adaptive vacation policy outperforms the fixed vacation policy by effectively balancing active and idle processing times. It also outperforms the non-vacation policy, as it conserves energy without adversely affecting delay performance. The results indicate that the proposed approach provides a flexible solution that can adapt to varying traffic loads and service time distributions, making it particularly valuable in IoT environments where energy efficiency is critical.

Key words: IoT, M/G/1 queue, delay, energy conservation, arrival rate, service rate