Energy-Aware Adaptive Mechanism for LoRaWAN-Based Multi-Hop Networks

doi:10.23940/ijpe.25.06.p6.339350

Abstract

Abstract: LoRaWAN has emerged as a leading Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) technology due to its long-range communication and low energy consumption. However, as network size and node density increase, challenges such as energy inefficiency, suboptimal spreading factor (SF) utilization, and reduced scalability arise, especially in multi-hop scenarios. This paper proposes an integrated framework that addresses these issues through three key innovations: an energy-aware multi-hop routing protocol, a dynamic SF allocation mechanism, and a scalability enhancement model. The proposed scheme optimizes path selection based on residual energy and link quality, effectively extending network lifetime. Concurrently, the SF allocation algorithm dynamically adapts to node density and link conditions, ensuring balanced transmission reliability. To assess scalability, we introduce a simulation-based analysis under varying node densities and traffic loads. Experimental results demonstrate significant improvements in energy efficiency, reduced packet collisions, and enhanced overall network throughput. Our approach provides a comprehensive solution for sustainable and scalable deployment of large-scale LoRaWAN-based IoT applications.

Key words: LoRaWAN, internet of things, LPWANs, scalability, energy-aware routing

Kumar Vaibhav Bhatnagar and Rashmi Kushwah. Energy-Aware Adaptive Mechanism for LoRaWAN-Based Multi-Hop Networks [J]. Int J Performability Eng, 2025, 21(6): 339-350.

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