Performance Comparison of ES-DEEC, ECRR, DEEC, and IOT-DEEC Routing Protocols in Smart City IoT-WSNs

doi:10.23940/ijpe.25.08.p5.450462

Abstract

Abstract: This paper introduces a new method known as “Enhanced Swarm Distributed Energy-Efficient Clustering” (ES-DEEC). It was designed to resolve critical problems such as energy depletion, network instability, and unreliable data transmission in complex WSN environments. This approach utilizes a hybrid Grey Wolf Optimizer-Particle Swarm Optimization (GWO-PSO) technique with congestion-aware routing and dynamic Cluster-Head (CH) selection to achieve balanced energy consumption (EC) and improved stability of the network. The findings demonstrate superior performance by achieving a lower End-To-End Delay (E2D) of 8ms, 80% Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), EC by 28 Joules, network Throughput (Th) of 89% and a Network LifeTime (NLT) of 90%. These results are also compared to that of conventional protocols such as Energy-Efficient Cluster-based Routing (ECRR), DEEC, Internet-of-Things DEEC (IoT-DEEC), and Routing based on Tree and Geographic (RTG) to validate the proposed ES-DEEC protocol as a scalable and reliable solution for applications requiring long-term energy-efficient operations, i.e. smart cities and industrial IoT. The results show that the newly presented ES-DEEC protocol performed better than any of the currently selected existing standard protocols. According to these results, it is a superior option for WSNs of the future.

Key words: wireless sensor networks, ES-DEEC protocol, energy-efficient clustering, dynamic cluster-head selection, packet delivery ratio

Anuj Kumar, Krishna Kant Agrawal. Performance Comparison of ES-DEEC, ECRR, DEEC, and IOT-DEEC Routing Protocols in Smart City IoT-WSNs [J]. Int J Performability Eng, 2025, 21(8): 450-462.

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