A Steganography Method for G.729a Speech Coding

doi:10.23940/ijpe.20.05.p12.784791

Int J Performability Eng ›› 2020, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (5): 784-791.doi: 10.23940/ijpe.20.05.p12.784791

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A Steganography Method for G.729a Speech Coding

Fufang Li^a, Binbin Li^a, Liangchen Liu^a, Yuanyong Feng^a^*, and Lingxi Peng^b

^aSchool of Computer Science and Cyber Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
^bSchool of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China

Submitted on ; Revised on ; Accepted on
Contact: Yuanyong Feng
About author:Fufang Li is an associate professor in the School of Computer Science and Cyber Engineering at Guangzhou University. His research interests include computer networks, algebraic codebook, network and information security, information hiding, distributed systems, cloud computing, wireless sensor network, information processing, artificial intelligence, and machine learning.
Binbin Li and Liangchen Liu are graduate students in the School of Computer Science and Cyber Engineering at Guangzhou University. Their research interests include network and information security, information hiding in audio and images, and applications of information technology.
Yuanyong Feng is a lecturer in the School of Computer Science and Cyber Engineering at Guangzhou University. His research interests include machine learning and natural language processing (mainly on sentimental analysis), information hiding, information extraction, named entity recognition, and coreference resolution.
Lingxi Peng is a professor in the School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering at Guangzhou University. His research interests include database theory and applications, artificial intelligence, network security, artificial intelligence, information hiding, and distributed systems.
Supported by:
This work has been financed in part by the Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61472092, 11271097 and 61977018) and Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Plan Fund (No. 2013B010401037). We would also like to thank our colleagues in the School of Computer Science & Cyber Engineering at Guangzhou University.

Abstract

Abstract:

By analyzing and comparing the G.729a speech coding specifications, this paper proposes an effective information hiding method. The proposed method hides the transmitted confidential information bits according to the need of the hiding information to adjust the last bit value of the excitation pulse position coding in G.729a speech coding, thereby realizing the embedding of secret information. We discussed and introduced in detail the information embedding and extraction algorithm of the proposed information hiding method. In order to test the feasibility and efficiency of the method studied, we conducted simulation experiments. The experiment used six kinds of audio material clips that we recorded, cut and edited by ourselves, namely children's male voice, children's female voice, male singing voice, female singing voice, Chinese classical music, and western music. Experiments show that when the secret information transmission rate is 200 bit/s and the hiding rate is 2.5%, the percentage of PESQ value reduction of the voice carrier proposed by the information hiding method proposed in this paper is 5.31%. While the secret information transmission rate is 300 bit/s and the hiding rate is 3.75%, the percentage of PESQ value reduction is 7.95%. The experimental results showed that the algorithm discussed in this paper has a sound covert communication capacity and strong concealment, indicating that the proposed algorithm demonstrates good information hiding performance.

Key words: G.729A speech codec, information hiding, PESQ, algebraic codebook

Fufang Li, Binbin Li, Liangchen Liu, Yuanyong Feng, and Lingxi Peng. A Steganography Method for G.729a Speech Coding [J]. Int J Performability Eng, 2020, 16(5): 784-791.

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Figures/Tables 9

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References 11.

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Parameters	Codeword	Bits number per frame
LSF	L0, L1, L2, L3	18
Adaptive-codebook delay index	P1, P2	13 (8+5)
Pitch-delay parity index bit	P0	1
Fixed-codebook index	C1, C2	26 (13+13)
Fixed-codebook sign index	S1, S2	8 (4+4)
Codebook gains (stage 1)	GA1, GA2	6 (3+3)
Codebook gains (stage 2)	GB1, GB2	8 (4+4)
Total		80

	Number of pulse	Amplitude sign	Excitation pulse location index
Sub-frame 1	i0	+1/-1	0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35
Sub-frame 1	i1	+1/-1	1, 6, 11, 16, 21, 26, 31, 36
Sub-frame 2	i2	+1/-1	2, 7, 12, 17, 22, 27, 32, 37
Sub-frame 2	i3	+1/-1	3, 8, 13, 18, 23, 28, 33, 38 4, 9, 14, 19, 24, 29, 34, 39

Experiment condition	boy voice	girl voice	male singing	female singing	Chinese music	western music
No confidential information embedded	2.841425	2.962733	3.287391	2.910467	2.876323	2.917364
Information hiding of code book bit +1 processing	2.696228	2.803634	3.096394	2.762906	2.726467	2.752533
Information hiding of code book bit +1 processing	94.89%	94.63%	94.19%	94.93%	94.79%	94.35%
Information hiding of code book bit -1 processing	2.683726	2.792376	3.111844	2.749518	2.718988	2.770621
Information hiding of code book bit -1 processing	94.45%	94.25%	94.66%	94.47%	94.53%	94.97%
Information hiding of code book bit randomly +-1 processing	2.691682	2.810745	3.109543	2.764071	2.719851	2.776164
Information hiding of code book bit randomly +-1 processing	94.73%	94.87%	94.59%	94.97%	94.56%	95.16%

Experiment condition	boy voice	girl voice	male singing	female singing	Chinese music	western music
No confidential information embedded	2.841425	2.962733	3.287391	2.910467	2.876323	2.917364
Information hiding of gain bit +1 processing	1.974506	1.888446	2.151926	1.921781	2.049955	2.111880
Information hiding of gain bit +1 processing	69.49%	63.74%	65.46%	66.03%	71.27%	72.39%
Information hiding of gain bit -1 processing	2.112599	2.010807	2.292298	2.086514	2.089073	2.152723
Information hiding of gain bit -1 processing	74.35%	67.87%	69.73%	71.69%	72.63%	73.79%

Experiment condition	boy voice	girl voice	male singing	female singing	Chinese music	western music	average
No confidential information embedded	2.841425	2.962733	3.287391	2.910467	2.876323	2.917364	2.965951
Experiment scenario (1)	2.679748	2.807782	3.112173	2.757085	2.724453	2.769454	2.808447
Experiment scenario (1)	94.31%	94.77%	94.67%	94.73%	94.72%	94.93%	94.69%
Experiment scenario (2)	2.600756	2.724529	3.016839	2.686652	2.648231	2.700604	2.729602
Experiment scenario (2)	91.53%	91.96%	91.77%	92.31%	92.07%	92.57%	92.04%
Experiment scenario (3)	2.598483	2.719493	3.028673	2.687234	2.649956	2.699437	2.730546
Experiment scenario (3)	91.45%	91.79%	92.13%	92.33%	92.13%	92.53%	92.06%
Experiment scenario (4)	2.341050	2.453439	2.743985	2.466621	2.414961	2.463714	2.480628
Experiment scenario (4)	82.39%	82.81%	83.47%	84.75%	83.96%	84.45%	83.64%
Experiment scenario (5)	2.141582	2.250492	2.453051	2.180813	2.149189	2.212237	2.231227
Experiment scenario (5)	75.37%	75.96%	74.62%	74.93%	74.72%	75.83%	75.24%

A Steganography Method for G.729a Speech Coding

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Hidden quantity	Hiding rate	PESQ average percentage	PESQ reduction percentage
200 bits per second	2.5%	94.69%	5.31%
300 bits per second	3.75%	92.05%	7.95%
400 bits per second	5%	83.64%	16.36%
500 bits per second	10%	75.24%	24.76%